An active 2R optical regenerator 

   
       
           
       
i     One of PICWave's strengths is it's ability to combine passive and active components. This optical regenerator consists of a large passive optical circuit totalling over 10,000um of waveguides plus two SOAs. 
The regenerator is shown schematically above, consisting of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an SOA in each arm. Initially a steady state signal is injected in to the MZI (l2) which passes through both arms of the MZI and recombines on the right. When a data signal is present (l1), this upsets one of the SOAs causing destructive interference when l2 recombines., so turning off the output. By this means we can regenerate the signal on/off levels, amplify the signal and convert the signal to another wavelength.
The regenerator was simulated with PICWave using an NRZ pseudo-random input bit pattern with an on/off ratio of 5:1 and a rise time of 100ns. To the right is shown eye diagrams of both the input and output signals. Notice the much higher on/off ratio of the regenerated signal and also the 20x amplification. Note however how the SOAs have added significant noise to the output. PICWave includes an extensive model for noise sources present in semiconductor devices, modelling carrier fluctuations, phase noise and intensity noise.
    
             
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Samples:    An active 2R optical regenerator
                Ring Resonator Filter

 

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